General and Imperial Developments (regnal list)

1. 4th-5th centuries Decline of Roman Empire
2. 476 End of Roman Empire in Western Europe
3. Eastern Roman Empire continues (Byzantine empire)
4. 450s-550s establishment of Germanic Successor states in France, England, Spain, North Africa, and Italy
5. 7th-8th centuries Islamic conquest of North Africa and Iberian Peninsula
6. 732 Battle of Tours, where Franks defeat Islamic invaders, securing Frankish kingdom
7. 8th century Frankish kingdom expands, especially under Charlemagne
8. 800 Charlemagne crowned emperor of West by Pope
9. 9th century pagan Viking and Hungarian invasions weakens established kingdoms in France and England
10. 909 Foundation of Cluny Monastery in Burgundy, signalling revival of papal centred Catholicism
11. 10th century emergence of East Franks or German kingdom under Saxon kings (Ottonian)
12. 955 Otto I 'the Great' defeats Hungarians at Battle of Lech
13. 962 Otto I crowned emperor in Rome
14. 10th century millennarian anxieties and peace movements
15. c.1000 Otto III reforms papacy, appointing Sylvester II (Gerbert of Aurillac) as pope

Capetian France (regnal list)

1. 9th-10th centuries emergence of powerful, independent counts, who reduce royal powerion of Carolingian kings of France; est.
2. 987 deposition of weak Capetian kings (Hugh I Capet) Carolingian dynasty
3. rise of militarised, castle culture, and the chevalier, horseman, the knight
4.  987-96 Hugh Capet initiated the Capetian dynasty
5. 1108-37 Louis VI the Fat strengthens dynasty
6. 1137-80 Louis VII works to contain the Angevins and expand his lands
7. 1180-1223 Philip II Augustus consolidates kingdom by defeating King John of England
8. 1214 Battle of Bouvines; victory over English and Germans marks emergence of France as great European power

    

England (regnal list)

1. 5th century Anglo-Saxons invade and conquer what is now called England (south and east of Britain)
2. early 9th century English kingdoms destroyed or amalgamated during Norse/Viking invasions
3. late 9th century English kingdom united under Alfred the Great subdues Viking kingdom in north
4. 991 Danish kings intensify raids and conquer England in 1013
5. 1016-35 King Canute rules England, Denmark, Norway and part of Sweden
6. 1042 English dynasty returns with Edward the Confessor
7. 1066 Battle of Stamford Bridge (King Harold defeats King Harald of Norway)
8. 1066 King Harold is defeated and killed at Battle of Hastings by William, Duke of Normandy
9. 1138-54 "The Anarchy": civil war between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda
10. 1154 Henry II, Count of Anjou becomes King, establishing Angevin dynasty and empire
11. till Angevins rule England, parts of Wales, parts of Ireland, and much of France till 1203
12. 1199-1216 Reign of King John ushers in decline and turmoil